Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Yousoo Kim
RIKEN, Japan
Keynote: Single-molecule chemistry and spectroscopy on insulating films with STM
Time : 10:00 -10:30
Biography:
Yousoo Kim was graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, where he has also obtained his Master’s degree in 1993. In 1999, he has earned PhD in Applied Chemistry from The University of Tokyo. In the same year, he has joined RIKEN as a Postdoctoral Researcher. Since 2010, he has been the Director of the Surface and Interface Science Laboratory at the RIKEN. He has published more than 120 papers in reputed journals. His research focuses on describing the details of energy transport and conversion on solid surfaces and interfaces in the nanoscale regime by combined study of scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy.
Abstract:
Ultrathin insulating films grown on metal substrate has been a subject of great interest for investigation of individual adsorbate atoms and molecules using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), because of electronic decoupling between the adsorbate and supporting metal surface under an STM junction. Here, I will talk about two representative works that we have done about energetics at the single-molecule interfaces on the ultrathin insulating films. The chemical reactivity of a water molecule on an ultrathin MgO film supported by the Ag(100) substrate depends greatly on film thickness and be enhanced compared to that achieved with their bulk counterpart. The change of chemical reactivity of ultrathin MgO film depending on the film thickness can be explained by the strengthening of the interaction between the oxide and metal interface layers. Our results clearly show that such structural imperfections at the interface can improve the chemical reactivity of the MgO film supported by an Ag substrate. Optical properties of a single metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) molecule on the 2-ML thick NaCl film supported by Ag(111) have been also studied by scanning tunneling luminescence spectroscopy. I will discuss about the single molecule reaction of an H2Pc molecule with tunneling electrons and accompanied optical property changes in single molecule luminescence spectra.
Keynote Forum
George W. Rawitscher
University of Connecticut, USA
Keynote: Spectral computational methods
Time : 10:30 -11:00
Biography:
Prof. George W. Rawitscher received his BS degree in physics and mathematics at the University of S. Paulo, Brazil in 1949, and his PhD in physics from Stanford University in 1956. After serving on the faculty at Yale University, he moved to the University of Connecticut where he taught for more than 40 years as full professor. He is now research professor at theUniversity of Connecticut since 2009, continuing to do research, and is presently co-authoring abook on spectral computational methods.
Abstract:
The spectral computational methods for solving a differential or integral equation are much more efficient, both in the execution time and in the accuracy, than the conventional finite difference algorithms. The main reason is that the spectral methods use information simultaneously from all the mesh points , while the finite difference methods, such as Runge-Kutta or Numerov (based on Taylor's series), can use simultaneously only a restricted number mesh points. Spectral methods, which came into vogue since the 1970'ies, use expansions into a set of pre determined basis functions, such as Legendre, Lagrange, or Chebyshev polynomials, whose mesh points are carefully chosen according to well established mathematical theorems.rnrnNumerical examples for application to physics will be presented, illustrating the advantages and some draw-backs of the spectral methods. They are not difficult to learn or implement.
Keynote Forum
Abdalla M Darwish
Dillard University, USA
Keynote: Trends of nano science and nano technologies now and then
Time : 11:20-11:50
Biography:
Dr. Abdalla M Darwish is a professor of physics, was recently named Dillard University’s first Presidential Professor he is also holds Ruth Simmons University Distinguished Professor. Darwish obtained his BS in Nuclear Engineering from University of Alexandria, MS in Solid State Physics and PhD in optics and laser physics from the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. Then, he joined Al A&M University in 1993 where he supervised 7 graduate students (5 MS and 2PhD). He has been at Dillard University faculty member since 1998 and has served the university in numerous administrative roles, including chair of the physics department, chair of the School of STEM, interim dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, and Associate Provost and Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs. Darwish is an expert in thin film fabrication using the MAPLE and Pulse Laser Deposition techniques. He has authored over 86 publications in the areas of nonlinear optical materials, magnetic resonance, waveguides, thin film fabrication and optical sensors. Over the course of his tenure at Dillard, Darwish has been able to secure over $15 million in grant funds as a PI or CoPI to establish many programs and research enterprises in physics and the School of STEM such as LS-LAMP, GAELA, TESSE, GAMP, AGAP, NASA-EPSCoR LA, NASA SPACE consortium grant, NASA-NORC for STEM retention, HBCU-LIST program (University of Pennsylvania) and the current major research programs “Pulsed Laser Deposition of materials”. These projects were funded by research grants from the Air Force Office of Scientific research, Army Research Office, NASA, NSF, NASA EPSCoR. Dr. Darwish filed for five patents on his new inventions of double and triple MAPLE and pulsed laser ablation, and he is in the process of filing six patent which changes the way the pulsed laser deposition of materials is done around the world. In addition, Dr. Abdalla Darwish holds a public office where he has been serving as member of city of Kenner civil service board since its inception in 2007 until present. He took the Oath of the office in January 2007. During his term, the civil service rules were established for the first time, the separation of the HR and CS rules were separated, new pay scale and class planes were approved. Dr. Darwish was awarded the Monte Lemann Award from the civil service league of the State of LA in Oct 2014.
Abstract:
Nanoscale science and technology deals with the nanoscale world, from the search of the smallest components within the heartbeat of an atom to the neural network of the brain. In the last two decades, researchers began developing the ability to manipulate matter at the level of single atoms and to characterize the properties of materials and systems at Nano scale. But, methods and technologies to manipulate the Nano world still need further development, research, and innovative new ideas, in order for nanoscale technologies to be utilized in addressing the problems of, and providing viable solutions in, many different fields. New technologies will make it possible to develop and access other dimensions of applications for nanoscale science. This talk will focus on and review the current trends of the nanoscience and nanotechnology and potential applications in different fields of science, technology, engineering and medicine.
Keynote Forum
Bruce J. West
US Army Research Office, USA
Keynote: Tomorrow’s Science: Fractional calculus view of complexity
Time : 11:50-12:20
Biography:
Dr. Bruce J. West is the Senior Scientist Mathematics (ST) in the Army Research Office of the Army Research Laboratory. He was elected a Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2012; and received the Presidential Meritorious Rank Award in 2012; Army Samuel S. Wilks Memorial Award 2011; Army Research and Development Achievement Award 2010; ARL Publication Award in 2003 & 2010; Professional of the Year in Applied Physical Science & Mathematics 2009 & 2011, Cambridge Who’s Who; Chair 2010-12 Army ST Corps; Commander’s Award for Civilian Service 2010; Founding Editor-in-Charge of Frontiers in Fractal Physiology 2010; Fellow of the American Physical Society since 1992; past chair of the ARL Fellows; Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Geophysical Union, American Physiological Society and the American Physical Society. He authored over 300 peer reviewed journal articles and 17 books garnering over 16,000 citations resulting in an h-factor of 61.
Abstract:
Leonardo da Vinci was the last artist/scientist to make lasting contributions to scientific knowledge, before science broke away from Natural Philosophy. The scientific method, introduced in this breakup, was a strategy for a new way of knowing, involving quantification through the synthesis of simple phenomenological models and measurement. After three hundred years of scientific success, we have run out of simple models, and are back with da Vinci at recognizing the importance of the qualitative in addition to the quantitative. Stock market crashes, flash mobs, power grid failures, earthquakes, forest fires, heart attacks, urban growth and even citations, are all exemplars of the ubiquitous complexity that characterize the signature events in our lives. The simplifying assumptions of Normalcy, linearity, continuity, stability, ergodicity, and many others, central to modern science, are no longer tenable and require re-examination.rnA number of attempts have been made to develop new ways of doing science, which are respectful of the complexity of the phenomena being studied. Examples of such efforts that come to mind include Cybernetics, Systems Theory, Catastrophe Theory, Complexity Theory, Nonlinear Dynamics and their subsequent generalizations. The common element of these and other such efforts is the recognition that complex phenomena, whether natural or artificially constructed, ought to be treated as a whole and not selectively dissected and once understood, stitched back together. This talk does not seek to accomplish this Herculean task, but has the more modest goal of juxtaposing a few of the disparate contributions, made by a number of gifted scientists, into a single strategy for gaining understanding and acquiring a new kind of knowledge; one in which the qualitative can be, and often is, as important as the quantitative. This strategy is an application of da Vinci’s approach to understanding and it forms the basis of Tomorrow’s Science (a new book by the speaker), which in reality is five centuries old.rnJust as Newton’s calculus replaced the geometric description of mechanical phenomena, a more general calculus is necessary to replace the fractal geometry of complex phenomena and this requires a new way of thinking. The fractal trajectories of complex dynamics are non-differentiable, and averages over ensembles of such trajectories are described by fractional derivatives of probability densities, in space, in time, or both. The solution to the fractional phase space equation is an inverse power-law probability density function, which describes all the phenomena mentioned earlier and many more. However, rather than focusing on mathematical formalism, this talk addresses the meaning of the mathematics and attempts to answer the question: Why is the fractional calculus entailed by complexity?
- Track 1: Physics
Track 2: Condensed Matter Physics
Location: Salon 3
Chair
Shuji Nakamura
University of California Santa Barbara, USA
Co-Chair
Guang-Lin Zhao
Southern University and A&M College, USA
Session Introduction
George Rawitscher
University of Connecticut, USA
Title: Revival of the phase-amplitude description of a quantum-mechanical wave function
Time : 11:20-11:45
Biography:
George Rawitscher received his BS degree in Physics and Mathematics at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1949, and his PhD in Physics from Stanford University in 1956. After serving as the faculty at Yale University, he moved to the University of Connecticut where he taught for more than 40 years as Full Professor. He is now Research Professor at the University of Connecticut since 2009, continuing to do research, and is presently co-authoring a book on spectral computational methods.
Abstract:
The Phase-Amplitude (Ph-A) description consists in writing the wave function as Ï•(r)), where y is the amplitude and Ï• the phase. Both functions vary slowly with the distance r, and hence should be easier to calculate than the highly oscillatory function . In 1930, W. E. Milne established the second order differential equation for y(r), which unfortunately is non-linear, and hence cumbersome to solve with the conventional finite difference methods. In 1962, M. J. Seaton and G. Peach demonstrated an iterative solution of Milne's equation, and in 2015 and 2016 the present author improved the iterative method by making use of a modern spectral expansion procedure of y(r) in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. The method is very economical and fast, as will be shown. One drawback of the iterative method is that it does not converge in the vicinity of the turning points. It is possible that this difficulty can be overcome by considering an alternative third order linear differential equation which may propagate the solution across the turning points. Attempts to solve this equation numerically will be described. If successful, that may represent an important advance for the Ph-A description.
Guang-Lin Zhao
Southern University and A&M College, USA
Title: The puzzle of anomalous isotope effect in high and low Tc superconductors
Time : 11:45-12:10
Biography:
Guang-Lin Zhao has completed two doctorate programs; first Doctor of Science degree in Low Temperature and Solid State Physics at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and second PhD degree in Condensed Matter Physics at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA. He is currently a Professor of Physics at Southern University and A&M College, Louisiana, USA. He has published more than 100 research papers in reputed research journals and has been serving as a manuscript referee for nineteen professional research journals.
Abstract:
Superconductors have zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields below a critical temperature Tc. They can carry electric current without any energy loss and have many applications. However, understanding superconductivity is a great challenge. Especially, anomalously small isotope effect in some high Tc superconductors such as YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) created a great challenge for understanding. To solve the puzzle, a new methodology is implemented by integrating first-principles calculations of electronic structures of the materials into the theory of many-body physics for superconductivity. The aim is to seek a unified methodology to study the electronic and superconducting properties of the materials. It is demonstrated from first-principles that the extended saddle point singularities in the electronic structure of some high and low Tc superconductors such as YBCO, Nb3Sn, Zr, strongly correlate with the anomalous isotope effect in these superconductors. Some guidance for finding new high Tc superconductors will also be discussed.
Firouzeh Sabri
Universtiy of Memphis, USA
Title: Effect of triboluminescent and thermographic phosphor powders on the thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of elastomeric composite materials
Time : 12:10-12:35
Biography:
Firouzeh Sabri completed PhD in 2002 from the Cavendish Laboratory-Microelectronics and Semiconductor Physics Group. She has completed a Post-doctoral fellowship at NIH/NIDCD in biophysics and a second Post-doctoral fellowship in Polymer Chemistry at UF, Gainesville. She is an Associate Professor and the Director of the MemphisCRESH summer research internship program, at the Universtiy of Memphis. She is the recipient of the 2008 APS Hildred Blewett Award. She is the founder of the Bio, Nano, and Space Materials Laboratory at UoM.
Abstract:
In this study, photoluminescent, triboluminescent, and thermal response of elastomer-encapsulated thermographic phosphor powders and triboluminescent powders were investigated and will be reported. The effect of the additives at concentration levels of 5, 15, and 50% on the mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of Sylgard-184 elastomer was investigated, at room temperature and compared with the behavior of the neat polymer. Furthermore, the effect of polymer encapsulation on the emission and excitation characteristics of the powders was also investigated and fully characterised. Composite polymer samples containing different concentrations of select powders were prepared by combining Sylgard-184 (10:1 base to cross-linker ratio) with the approriate powder, mixed gradually, and then completely outgassed at room temperature and fully cured at 100 C for 1 hr. The results demonstrated a non-linear relationship between the powder concentration and the output intensity. The composite samples were also created in thin films by implementing a spin-coating technique before the outgassing and curing stage. The results of the dropcasting method were compared with the spincoated samples and fully characterised. Results of the mechancial, thermal, and, optical properties of all composite samples will be reported.
Biography:
A thickness dependence study of polymer based light-emitting diodes spanning from 31 nm to 3 um shows that devices with micron-thick films of semiconducting polymers (ten times thicker than the standard devices) had the best performance, which is exceptionally thick for PLEDs. The efficiency of 47cd/A is higher than the theoretical prediction according to spin statistics. Transient studies reveals that high current density introduced by the Ohmic hole injection of MoO3 at anode promote triplet-triplet annihilation and results in delayed electroluminescence. Hence, singlet formation is no longer 25%, but actually approaching 40%. This research shows the power of interface engineering in making efficient single layer devices, which has been the Holy Grail for the organic electronics community. This is very important for industrialization of this technology - e.g. in lighting, where the reduced manufacturing tolerances make large area manufacturing far more practical. This work represents a literal step change in the previous requirement that PLEDs be very thin and proved to be the model system for the study of polymer based LEDs.
Abstract:
A thickness dependence study of polymer based light-emitting diodes spanning from 31 nm to 3 um shows that devices with micron-thick films of semiconducting polymers (ten times thicker than the standard devices) had the best performance, which is exceptionally thick for PLEDs. The efficiency of 47cd/A is higher than the theoretical prediction according to spin statistics. Transient studies reveals that high current density introduced by the Ohmic hole injection of MoO3 at anode promote triplet-triplet annihilation and results in delayed electroluminescence. Hence, singlet formation is no longer 25%, but actually approaching 40%. This research shows the power of interface engineering in making efficient single layer devices, which has been the Holy Grail for the organic electronics community. This is very important for industrialization of this technology - e.g. in lighting, where the reduced manufacturing tolerances make large area manufacturing far more practical. This work represents a literal step change in the previous requirement that PLEDs be very thin and proved to be the model system for the study of polymer based LEDs.
- Track 2 : Advanced Physics
Track 3 : Applied Physics
Track 4 : Particle and Nuclear Physics
Location: Salon 3
Chair
Rob L Allen
Sam Houston State University, USA
Co-Chair
Chong Wei Xu
Verizon Communications, USA
Session Introduction
C. Wei Xu
Virtumanity Inc., USA
Title: Scientific philosophy to unified physics
Biography:
Chong Wei Xu holds BS and first MS degrees in Physics from Ocean University of China and Tongji University and the second MS degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of Massachusetts, USA. His work focuses on philosophy and sciences in the dialectical nature of virtual and physical existence, revealing the topological framework of the elementary particles, modern physics and contemporary cosmology.
Abstract:
The keynote speech presents philosophical overview of scientific methodology and essential achievements in our recent groundbreaking: Unified Field Theory. A critical reevaluation of our knowledge and vision is the start of a new way to a new era, the revolution of Unified Physics and the return of philosophy. Our generation has been furnished with groundwork enlightenment of the demonstrated theories of our universe: Space time topology of physical and virtual existences, revealing scientific truth for all physics according to concise, systematic, philosophical and mathematical principles. The applications of the evolutionary processes to contemporary theoretical physics derive a complete picture of the principal equations, important assumptions, empirical equations and essential laws for both classical and modern physics including quantum mechanics’, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, general relativity, gravity and classic dynamics. The year 2015, therefore, bids farewell to an intellectual age of classical physics defined by mathematical empiricism from Newton's Mechanics of 1687 to Einstein’s Relativity of 1915 and from Quantum Theory of 1920s to contemporary physics.
Rob L Allen
Sam Houston State University, USA
Title: Basic equations calculate forces, many physical constants, and properties of particles that include masses
Biography:
Rob L Allen, has pioneered, improved, and developed many scientific systems evaluating radiation and electromagnetic, acoustic, and seismic signals. He has a BS Degree in Computer Science from Stephen F Austin University and has taken numerous extra electronics design and physics courses at Texas Tech and Long Beach State. He managed research groups and computer centers. Major roles were management and allocating large grants from corporations to research groups including Stanford, Berkeley, and Texas A&M. Much of his work has been highly restricted, but he has published twelve papers in reputed journals and presented at many conferences.
Abstract:
Orderly progressions of interrelated exponential equations can calculate ratios of forces, particle masses, and numerous physical constants. Many mathematical computations have been simplified. Strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational force relationships are readily and repeatedly derived from exponential expansions of very basic numbers. These fundamental numbers such as the natural logarithm base e, PI, small integers, and PHI from the golden ratio expand in intersecting exponential combinations to produce values that range from gravity pulling on photon quantas to cosmic scale parameters. Also, these progressions of exponentials can simplify calculating a Planck Mass, particle masses, the speed of light, electrical properties, nuclear binding energies, gamma ray emissions, and numerous other constants. For example, one sequence of stair step exponentials provides the speed of light, the hydrogen radius, Planck’s Constant, and the ratio of a proton mass to an electron mass. Unexpected results included many different relatively simple expansion solutions calculating the enormous strength of electromagnetism compared to gravity. Again, the Universe will be shown to be very fine tuned. Groups of the equations imply that gravity is a very weak residual of a single force that accumulates to make electromagnetism and the strong force. In addition, cold dark matter relationships are derived. Dark energy may be related to gravity exponentials but with a sign change and a repulsion expansion rather than attraction force.
Biography:
Yousoo Kim was graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, where he has also obtained his Master’s degree in 1993. In 1999, he has earned PhD in Applied Chemistry from The University of Tokyo. In the same year, he has joined RIKEN as a Postdoctoral Researcher. Since 2010, he has been the Director of the Surface and Interface Science Laboratory at the RIKEN. He has published more than 120 papers in reputed journals. His research focuses on describing the details of energy transport and conversion on solid surfaces and interfaces in the nanoscale regime by combined study of scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy.
Abstract:
One of the unique properties of the sp2-carbon allotropes, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphenes, is that their electronic structures differ significantly among them according to characteristic electron confinement based on their dimensionality and geometric structures, which can be influenced not only by charge injection and chemical bonding but also structural modification. In this talk, I will discuss the electronic structures of various sp2-carbon allotropes on metal substrates investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. In particular, it is focused on the one dimensional (1D) electronic structure in a graphene nano wrinkle (GNW) of an epitaxially grown graphene (EG) sheet on Ni(111), the width of which was small enough (less than 5 nm) to cause 1D electron confinement. Use of spatially resolved, scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed band-gap opening and a 1D van Hove singularity in the GNW, as well as the chemical potential distribution across the GNW. Our demonstration of 1D electron confinement in an EG is the novel possibility of controlling its electronic properties not by chemical modification but by mechanical structuring in a controlled manner.
Manish Kumar
Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University), India
Title: GOD doesn’t play dice
Biography:
Dr. Manish Kumar has obtained B.E. (Electrical Engineering) from MNNIT, Allahabad, M. Tech. (Energy Studies) and Ph.D. (Plasma Physics) from IIT Delhi. He has rich experience of more than twelve years in teaching, research and training. His areas of interest in teaching and research are Hybrid Energy system, Optical fibers, Terahertz Radiation Generation, Surface Plasma Waves and Plasma Physics. He has published more than 8 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial advisory board member of repute. He has travelled widely across the globe (Canada, China and Japan etc.) under various international conferences. He has brought under the F.A.S.T. scheme of MHRD a Center for Energy and Resources Development (CERD) for IIT (BHU). Presently he is working on the project “1.5 MW Integrated Dairy and Smart Hybrid Energy System” with vision of empowering the villages of India to be self-dependent and have a modern outlook. Various states like Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Jharkhand etc. have offered him land & invitation to set up this project. He has also setup a prototype lab for this project in the Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT (BHU). Prior to this assignment, Dr. Manish Kumar has worked with Modipon Fibers Company Limited & Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited and has contributed in successful launching of Mobile network of BSNL. Presently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT (BHU).
Abstract:
If E = 0 then there is no discussion, so we can rule out this possibility or this also implies that when there is nothing still there is GOD i.e. everything in the universe/multiverse is originated from “Zero” which also describes GOD’s characteristics. If , then it implies GOD’s position does not change or it can be said that GOD is everywhere in the universe/multiverse so this is also true for GOD. Third possibility is i.e. time period is infinite, then also our hypothesis is justified. It is what GOD is, whose time period is infinite, rest all the quantities in the universe/multiverse are having finite time period. It is the justification for GOD doesn’t play dice.
Madhusoodanan Mannoor
Dong-A University, Republic of Korea (South)
Title: Finite element analysis and optimization of cylindrical resonant photoacoustic cell
Biography:
Madhusoodanan Mannoor received his BTech in Mechanical Engineering from Kerala University, Thiruvanathapuram, India in 2004. He completed his MTech in Energy Management from National Institute of Technology (NIT), Calicut, India in 2007. Then he worked for 4 years as Field Engineer in Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited at Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, India and subsequently as Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, at Government Engineering College, Kannur, India. Presently, he is pursuing Doctoral studies in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Dong-A university, Busan, Republic of Korea. His research interests are in the field of photo acoustics, computational fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics and dielectrics.
Abstract:
Photo acoustic phenomenon is useful to develop technologies for spectroscopic, microscopic and imagining applications. Of late, it has gained wider significance in biomedical engineering. Photo acoustic spectroscopy has been recognised as an effective and inexpensive method for measurement of concentration of gaseous compounds. Sensitivity of resonant photo acoustic cell, which is defined as its ability to generate high amplitude of acoustic pressure at the location of microphone, for a given amount of absorbed radiation, is a key design objective of the cell. Various factors effect sensitivity of the photoacoustic cell and its geometry is the most deciding one. In this work, photoacoustic response of cylindrical resonant cells is simulated by solving Navier-Stokes equation, continuity equation, energy equation and the equation of state, using FEM analysis. Numerical results are validated with experimental results reported in the literature. To find the optimum dimensions of the resonant cell and the buffer cell, Taguchi method of design of experiments is applied. Numerical model with optimized dimensions is found to have better sensitivity.
- Track 5 : Astrophysics
Track 6 : Optical Physics
Location: Salon 3
Chair
Yukio Tomozawa
University of Michigan, USA
Co-Chair
Abdalla M Darwish
Dillard University, USA
Session Introduction
Abdalla M. Darwish
Dillard University, USA
Title: Double pulse laser deposition of polymer nanocomposite films for optical sensors and light emitting applications
Biography:
Dr. Abdalla Darwish obtained his BS in Nuclear Engineering from University of Alexandria, MS in Solid State Physics and PhD in optics and laser physics from the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. He has been a Dillard University faculty member for sixteen years and has served the university in numerous administrative roles, including chair of the physics department, chair of the School of STEM, interim dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, and Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs. He was recently named Dillard University’s first Presidential Professor.
Abstract:
The objective is to determine the visibility of creating operationally polymer nanocomposite films for sensor and light emitting applications using the innovative modified double pulse laser deposition (DPLD) for host and dopant. The existing pulse laser deposition vacuum chamber has been modified to accommodate two laser beams of contrasting wavelengths for the situ ablation of two targets: a polymer host and a rare Earth-based highly efficient up conversion emitting inorganic dopant. Nanocomposite films of acrylic polymer and of the compounds of the rare Earth elements were fabricated by the proposed method with near-infrared (NIR) laser radiation (1064-nm wavelength) ablating the polymer targets and visible radiation (532-nm wavelength) ablating the inorganic targets. The devised nanocomposite films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultra-violet visible optical absorption spectroscopy, and reflected high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). It was revealed that the produced polymer nanocomposite films maintained the crystalline structure and the up conversion fluorescence properties of the initial rare Earth-compounds mainly due to the preferred control of the deposition process of the materials with essentially different properties. The prospective method can be potentially used for making a wide variety of composite films.
Yukio Tomozawa
University of Michigan, USA
Title: Acceleration, deceleration and finishing of universe expansion
Biography:
Yukio Tomozawa obtained D.Sc. in 1961 from Tokyo University. He was Assistant Researcher at Tokyo University (1956) and at Tokyo University of Education (1957-1959) - Member at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (1964-1966). He was Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Professor and Emeritus Professor at the University of Michigan, USA. He found that the Schwarzschild metric does not fit the data of time delay experiment in the field of general relativity. He has introduced a physical metric which fits the data. It was constructed with the constraint that the speed of light on the spherical direction is unchanged from that in vacuum. This modification changes the way we understand the nature of gravity drastically. In particular, the nature of compact objects, neutron stars and black holes, is very different from that described by the Schwarzschild metric. It also explains the dark energy, supernova explosion and high energy cosmic ray emission from AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei), massive black holes.
Abstract:
The author will show that the acceleration of the Universe expansion can be explained by coordinate transformation from the author's physical metric to FRW (Friedmann Robertson Walker) metric. The physical metric introduced by the author fits the experimental data, in particular that of time delay experiment of Shapiro et al. The author will present a new way of understanding the nature of gravity. It has a nature of gravity that has a repulsive/attractive force, depending on whether one is inside/outside of the extended horizon. The outcome is an accelerated expansion inside the extended horizon and a decelerated expansion outside of the extended horizon. The author will show that the expansion of the Universe will continue to persist to the infinity distance. In conclusion, the reason that dark energy exists lies intrinsically in the true nature of gravity.
David Köhne
Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Germany
Title: Principles and applications of optical switching assisted imaging and structuring schemes
Biography:
David Köhne is a physicist currently enrolled in a PhD program at the Laser-Laboratorium in Göttingen. After his highschool degree, he started studying physics at the Georg-August Universität in Göttingen in 2006. He finished his Bachelor in the X-ray department in May 2010. Afterwards he specialized in biophysics and completed his Master at the Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen in May 2012 (Title: Large Area Silica Nano Grids by Homogeneous High Resolution Laser Patterning of SiOx-Films). From 2012 he started his PhD in the group of Optical Nanoscopy with the thesis topic: Principles and applications of optical switching assisted imaging and structuring schemes.
Abstract:
In STED fluorescence microscopy, in addition to the excitation laser, a second laser beam is used to prevent certain molecules from fluorescing by utilizing the effect of stimulated emission. In most cases, this beam is doughnut shaped with zero intensity in the center. Increasing the STED-intensity decreases the volume where fluorescence is still allowed. This volume is called the effective point spread function of a STED microscope. Already in 1999, it was postulated that this confinement of the effective excitation volume can also be used to spatially control chemical reactions on the nanometer scale. Since then, the experimental realization of STED and STED-inspired diffraction unlimited two-photon polymerization lithography (2PPL) has been reported. While STED nanoscopy reached a resolution of better than 10 nm, minimal feature sizes for STED 2PPL are around 55 nm. In this work, a novel ablative technique for transparent materials, based on a combination of the STED and light induced backside wet etching (LIBWE), is presented. This new technique uses a primary laser in the visible range with low pulse energies and short pulse duration to imprint micrometer size features on the sample surface. The ablation is generated by the LIBWE process inside a high-concentrated dye solution in direct contact with the transparent material. The use of a second red-shifted laser, superimposed to the primary laser, inhibits, due to the STED process, LIBWE to take place. With this technique we were able to imprint micrometer-sized features in transparent materials with just a one step process. The technique holds great promises in creating sub-diffraction sized surface structures.
Biography:
Aziz Muhammad and Deonte Alexander both are currently doing research at Dillard University. They are under the guidance of Dr. Abdalla M. Darwish, Chair of S.T.E.M and is influenced specially in Physics (Optics, laser spectroscopy, EPR Specs, material Science, Laser Ablation).
Abstract:
The objective of this research is to demonstrate feasibility of an ammonia sensor using polymer – inorganic nano-composite thin film upconversion light emitters made by the new double-beam pulsed laser deposition method. The existing pulsed laser deposition vacuum chamber was modified to accommodate two laser beam of different wavelengths for the in-situ ablation of two targets: A polymer host poly(methyl methacrylate) mixed with indicator dye Phenol Red and the brilliant rare earth doped upconversion phosphor NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+. Nano-composite films were deposited on silicon substrates by the proposed method with near-infra-red laser radiation (1064 nm wavelength) ablating the polymer target dissolved in Gamma-butyrolactone together with the indicator dye, and frozen in circulating liquid nitrogen (matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation – MAPLE), and visible radiation (532 nm) ablating the inorganic target. The deposited nano-composite films retained bright green upconversion fluorescence with a spectral peak at 540 nm attributed to the inorganic phosphor nano-particles pumped with the 980 nm infrared laser diode. The spectrum of the green emission matched the absorption band of the indicator dye exposed to ammonia. When the films were exposed to ammonia, they demonstrated an optical response in the form of the drop of the intensity of green radiation monitored with a silicon photodiode. The sensitivity of the opto-electronic sensor of ammonia based on the nano-composite films was measured to be close 0.4% ammonia in air, and the response time was 5 minutes.
- Track 9 : Geophysics
Track 10 : Quantum Physics
Track 12 : Physics in Different Sciences
Track 14 : Chemical Physics
Location: Salon 3
Chair
Eugene Stephane Mananga
The City University of New York, USA
Co-Chair
Alejandro Martin Sanchez
University of Extremadura, Spain
Session Introduction
Tomoi Koide
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Title: Generalization of framework of analytic mechanics and unified description of quantum and classical physics
Time : 10:00 -10:25
Biography:
Tomoi Koide is a Professor at Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He has completed his PhD from Tohoku University, Japan and Post-doctoral studies from Frankfurt University, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and so on. He has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Variational principle plays a fundamental role in elucidating the structure of classical mechanics, clarifying the origin of dynamics and the relation between symmetries and conservation laws. In classical mechanics, the optimized function is characterized by Lagrangian, defined as T-V with T and V being a kinetic and a potential terms, respectively. We can still argue a variational principle even in quantum mechanics, but the Lagrangian does not have the form of T-V any more. Therefore, at first glance, any clear or direct correspondence between classical and quantum mechanics does not seem to exist from the variational point of view, but it does exist. For this, we need to extend the usual variational method to the case of stochastic variables. This is called stochastic variational method (SVM). The Schrödinger equation can be then obtained by the stochastic optimization of the action which leads to, meanwhile, the Newton equation in the application of the classical variation. From this point of view, quantization can be regarded as a process of stochastic optimization and the invariance of the action leads to the conservation laws in quantum mechanics. In this manner, classical and quantum behaviors are described in a unified way under SVM. Although SVM was originally proposed as the reformulation of Nelson's stochastic quantization, its applicability is not restricted to quantization. In fact, dissipative dynamics such as the Navier-Stokes-Fourier (viscous fluid) equation can be obtained by applying SVM to the Lagrangian which leads to the Euler (ideal fluid) equation in the classical variational method. This method is useful even to obtain coarse-grained dynamics. For example, the Gross-Pitaevskii equation is regarded as an optimized dynamics in SVM. Therefore it is possible to consider that the study of SVM enables us to generalize the framework of analytic mechanics.
Alejandro MartÃn Sánchez
University of Extremadura, Spain
Title: Some preliminary results obtained when indoor radon mitigation methods are applied
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
Alejandro Martín Sánchez works at the University of Extremadura (Spain). He completed his studies at the Autonomous University of Madrid (Spain). He was the Head of the Physics Department for 12 years. He has published more than 100 papers in the most reputed journals about Environmental Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics.
Abstract:
Remedial actions are necessary in environments with high radon concentrations. A first survey about measurements of indoor radon concentration in working places was performed in Extremadura (Spain). Sites studied included resorts, spas, caves, tunnels, mines, facilities storing or dealing with water, and other underground and surface suspected work places (warehouses, parking lots, hotels, museums, educational centres, etc.). Results showed that about 85% of more than 300 working places measured, were below an annual average concentration of 200 Bq/m3, 9% were between 200 and 400 Bq/m3, and 6% were above 400 Bq/m3. A second study was undertaken, performing surveillance and applying mitigation methods when necessary. Four surveys were performed to fulfil one year study. Remedial or mitigation actions (ventilation, changing the working place inside the same building, limiting the time of residence of people, or architectonics actuations) were applied. A total of 240 measurements were performed in 35 sites. At this time, following the actual Spanish legislation, the working places were classified as 191 results (in 26 sites) with average indoor radon concentration lower than 600 Bq/m3, 38 results (in 6 sites) between 600 and 1000 Bq/m3, and 11 results (in 3 sites) with concentrations above 1000 Bq/m3. In some special cases, a continuous monitoring device was used to study the hourly variation of the indoor radon concentration. Results showed then a very great variability. Concentration variations in the working day and journey should be considered in this case because otherwise the dose received by workers could be erroneously estimated.
Galina Yakubova
USDA-Agricultural Research Service, USA
Title: Application of the pulsed fast/thermal neutron method for soil elemental analysis
Time : 10:50-11:15
Biography:
Galina Yakubova has experience in the field of Applied Nuclear Physics during 20 years. She has completed her PhD in 2009 year from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Post-doctoral studies from Brookhaven National Laboratory. She is a Soil Nuclear Scientist at NSDL and works at application of nuclear physics methods for soil elemental analysis. She published 4 papers on present topic in reputed journals, and had 3 presentations on National and Regional conferences.
Abstract:
Soil science is a research field where physical concepts and experimental methods are widely used, particularly in agro-chemistry and soil elemental analysis. Different methods of analysis are currently available. The evolution of nuclear physics (methodology and instrumentation) combined with the availability of commercial products (portable pulse neutron generators, high efficiency gamma detectors, reliable electronics, and measurement processing software) and the current understanding of neutron interactions with nuclei, has recently made it possible for neutron-gamma analyses of soil elemental content for routine field measurements (cropland, forest, desert etc.) as well as in the laboratory. Neutron-gamma analyses are based on the registration of gamma lines which appear due to neutron-nuclei interactions. These methods have great advantage over traditional chemical (dry combustion) and physical-chemical methods which are labor extensive and time consuming. Neutron-gamma analyses are non-destructive multi-elemental analyses of large soil volumes that require no sample preparation, and are conducted in situ. We will discuss physical principals, apparatus design, and application of an advanced of neutron-gamma approach [i.e., Pulsed Fast/Thermal Neutron Method (PFTNA)] for soil elemental analysis. Using examples of this method for soil carbon, nitrogen, and chlorine determination, we will demonstrate the main features and possible use of PFTNA for the analyses of nuclei having characteristic gamma lines issued due to inelastic neutron scattering and for nuclei having characteristic gamma lines issued due to thermal neutron capture.
Eugene Stephane Mananga
The City University of New York, USA
Title: On Fer and Floquet-Magnus expansions: Application in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and physics
Time : 11:35-12:00
Biography:
Eugene Stephane Mananga is a Faculty Member in the Physics Doctorate Program at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, an Assistant Professor of Physics and Nuclear Medicine at BCC of CUNY, and an Adjunct Professor of Applied Physics at New York University. He completed his PH.D in Physics from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and holds 6 additional graduate degrees and training from various institutions including Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and City College of New York. Eugene did his postdoctoral studies in the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory of USA, Harvard Medical School, and Massachusetts General Hospital. He was an “Ingenieur de Recherche” in the French Atomic Energy Commission and Alternative Energies (CEA-SACLAY-NEUROSPIN). Eugene has published more than 30 articles mainly as first author in major peer-review journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of several journals.
Abstract:
We present two alternative expansion scheme called Floquet-Magnus expansion used to solve a time-dependent linear differential equation which is a central problem in quantum physics in general and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in particular. The commonly used methods to treat theoretical problems in solid-state NMR are the average Hamiltonian theory and the Floquet theory, which have been successful for designing sophisticated pulse sequences and understanding of different experiments. The topic of the talk opens a way to an infinite number of suggestions. However, it is very important to remember that the Fer and Floquet-Magnus expansions method have recently found new major areas of applications such as topological materials. Researchers, dealing with those new applications, are not usually acquainted with the achievements of the magnetic resonance theory, where those methods were developed more than 30 years ago. They repeat the same mistakes that were made when the methods of spin dynamics and thermodynamics were developed in the past. This talk is very useful not only for the NMR and physics communities but for the new communities in several younger fields. It will be very useful for scientists working in different directions. In this talk, I will compare both approaches (Fer and Floquet-Magnus expansions) and present their use for the calculation of effective Hamiltonians and propagators, the performance of explicit calculation for the Bloch-Siegert shift, heteronuclear dipolar decoupling, cross-polarization, and rotary-resonance recoupling. This presentation contributes theoretically and numerically in the general field of spin dynamics and physics.
Manish Kumar
Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University), India
Title: GOD’s diagnostic tool is the mathematics and prescription is physics
Time : 12:00-12:25
Biography:
Manish Kumar has obtained BE (Electrical Engineering) from MNNIT, Allahabad, MTech (Energy Studies) and PhD (Plasma Physics) from IIT Delhi. He has rich experience of more than twelve years in teaching, research and training. His areas of interest in teaching and research are Hybrid energy system, Optical fibers, Terahertz radiation generation, Photonics, Surface plasma waves and Plasma physics. He has published more than 8 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Advisory Board Member of repute. He has travelled widely across the globe (Canada, China and Japan, etc.) under various international conferences. He has brought under the F.A.S.T. scheme of MHRD, a Center for Energy and Resources Development (CERD) for IIT (BHU). Presently he is working on the project “1.5 MW Integrated Dairy and Smart Hybrid Energy System” with vision of empowering the villages of India to be self-dependent and have a modern outlook. He has also setup a prototype lab for this project in the Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT (BHU). Prior to this assignment, he has worked with Modipon Fibers Company Limited & Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited and has contributed in successful launching of Mobile network of BSNL. Presently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT (BHU).
Abstract:
GOD’s physical existence and his interaction with the matter (living/non-living) is beyond the realm of physics as the boundary of physics is . Understanding the natural philosophy till now is being the consequence of having undettered faith in GOD causing the emergence of pioneers and advancements made through the effort of various scientists and researchers, these fields as oneself came to light as a path of research in their own right. Different potential ideas in physics has utilized the mathematics as the diagonistic tool and various prescription came from sectors like Classical Physics, Modern Physics, Computational Physics, Theoritical Physics, Applied Physics, Meta Physics, Solar Physics, Bio Physics, Astro Physics, etc., for creation, invention and discovery as the Physics is the study of science that deals with energy and matter and their interactive nature with each other.
Mehdi Nosrati
University of Alberta, Canada
Title: Magnetic current and new modifications of Maxwell’s equations
Time : 12:25-12:50
Biography:
Mehdi Nosrati received the M.S degree in electrical engineering from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, in 2006. He was lecturer for 4 years in the university. He has been starting his Ph.D program from Sept. 2011 in the University of Alberta. His current research interest includes microwave and millimeter-wave components. Integrating MEMS actuator with waveguide structures to design tunable microwave components is the main part of his research as the Ph. D student. Moreover, his personal research interests include the nature of electromagnetic waves and Maxwell’s equations.
Abstract:
Maxwell’s equations are the main foundation of the current communication technology; however, they are still incomplete with some ambiguities and unknown parameters. Magnetic current is apparently the main missing part of these equations [1]. In this talk, we resolve to revise these equations and the conventional definitions of the terms and parameters from the beginning merely based on logical theory to justify all measurements so far. These revisions will be initiated by modifying Bohr’s Model and physical differentiations of magnetic and electrical fluxes to justify all electromagnetic phenomena under a consistent umbrella. Consequently, we can theoretically present a rational illustration of magnetic current and amend the contradictions and inconsistencies in the current models and theory of electromagnetic waves. As given in current Maxwell’s equations given in (1)-(2), these equations are not balanced where the right sides of these equations consist of two Equ. (1) and three components Equ.(2). Few researches have been theoritically done in the literature to find this missing term where it has been defined as a multiplication of a coefficient by magnetic field. While this definition mathematically provides a substantial model of this missing term, it does not discuss the physical interpretation of the used coefficient in the definition.
- Special Session on "Horizons of Unified Physics"
Location: Salon 3
Session Introduction
Chong Wei Xu
Verizon Communications, USA
Title: First horizon of unified physics | Quantum Physics
Biography:
Chong Wei Xu, a Chief Architect at Verizon Communications USA, focuses on dialectical nature of philosophy and sciences is to uncover topological framework of the universe, to develop a full intrinsic structure of the entire elementary particles, to derive the duality principles of spacetime manifolds, to present the unified physics under a horizon topology, and to heuristically demonstrate the origin of physical states. Since 2013, he has demonstrated the enlightenments of groundbreaking theories in Particle Physics and Unified Physics. He holds the BS and first MS degrees in Physics from Ocean University of China and Tongji University, and the second MS degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of Massachusetts.
Abstract:
The spacetime continuum of a complex manifold associated with the state conservation of energy and entropy are advanced as extensions beyond the virtual and physical dimensions and curvatures. The dynamics of manifold continuum, therefore, derives a whole picture of the principal equations, important assumptions, and essential laws, discovered and described by quantum physics, including the mathematical formulae of, but not limited to, Schrodinger equation, Dirac equation, and Klein–Gordon equation. As a result, it concisely derives and simplifies the theory of quantum mechanics, as the first horizon of unified fields.
Chong Wei Xu
Verizon Communications, USA
Title: Second horizon of unified physics | Macroscopic densities and thermodynamics
Biography:
Chong Wei Xu, a Chief Architect at Verizon Communications USA, focuses on dialectical nature of philosophy and sciences is to uncover topological framework of the universe, to develop a full intrinsic structure of the entire elementary particles, to derive the duality principles of spacetime manifolds, to present the unified physics under a horizon topology, and to heuristically demonstrate the origin of physical states. Since 2013, he has demonstrated the enlightenments of groundbreaking theories in Particle Physics and Unified Physics. He holds the BS and first MS degrees in Physics from Ocean University of China and Tongji University, and the second MS degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of Massachusetts.
Abstract:
In the spacetime, from the internal symmetry and antisymmetry of the first horizon, the spacetime duality forms up the second horizon as the group effects of a conserved current, characterized by the spacetime components of standard coordinates inherent from the first horizon. Associated with the space or time fields of primary state, the internal nature produces each of opposite dualities as complex conjugate, integrity of which statistically represents the Macroscopic Densities. Meanwhile, the spacetime dynamics of the symmetric system aggregates quantum objects to represent thermodynamics related to macro energies, statistical works, and interactive forces towards the second horizon of macroscopic variables for processes and operations characterized as a bulk system, associated with the rising temperature.
Chong Wei Xu
Verizon Communications, USA
Title: Third horizon of unified physics | Electromagnetism, general relativity and gravitation
Biography:
Chong Wei Xu, a Chief Architect at Verizon Communications USA, focuses on dialectical nature of philosophy and sciences is to uncover topological framework of the universe, to develop a full intrinsic structure of the entire elementary particles, to derive the duality principles of spacetime manifolds, to present the unified physics under a horizon topology, and to heuristically demonstrate the origin of physical states. Since 2013, he has demonstrated the enlightenments of groundbreaking theories in Particle Physics and Unified Physics. He holds the BS and first MS degrees in Physics from Ocean University of China and Tongji University, and the second MS degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of Massachusetts.
Abstract:
In the spacetime, arising from the second horizon of Macro Densities, electricity and magnetism, represents a duality of manifestations of the indivisible phenomenon of virtual and physical duality. Under the Continuity of Physical Density, the dynamics of electric fields has as its opponent of virtual time dynamics of magnetic fields. Meanwhile, its twin rising from dynamics under Continuity of Virtual Density (or traditionally named as the curvature of spacetime) represents gravitational fields as a natural phenomenon of space-time duality. As a consequence, together, electromagnetic and gravitational fields form and give rise to a macroscopically coherent fabric of our natural fields, exhibited throughout all physical existence: The third Horizon of Unified Fields. In addition, the General Relativity is demonstrated as a part of the generalized derivation of the gravitational fields.