Advances in Physics, Mathematics and Applied Science

Dark Matter and Dark Energy

The universe-including Earth, the sun, other stars, and galaxies-is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons bundled together into atoms. The universe appears to be made of a mysterious, invisible substance called dark and a force that repels gravity known as dark energy. Researchers have a few concepts for what dark matter might be. Dark matter consists of exotic particles which don’t interact with normal matter or light but that still exert a gravitational pull.