Advances in Physics, Mathematics and Applied Science

Quantum Magnetism

One of the most active fields of research in condensed matter physics is Quantum magnetism. Particularly in low-dimensional quantum spin systems, there is a lot of research going on. Key concepts, theorems, and rigorous results, as well as models of spin chains, ladders, and frustated magnetic systems, are all highlighted.

The term "Quantum magnetism" refers to Pierre Curie's discovery that ferromagnets  lose their magnetic properties above a threshold temperature, now known as the Curie temperature. The development of quantum mechanics in the 1920s, led by Niels Bohr and others, provided a complete explanation of magnetism. The fundamental description of a quantum entity, such as an electron or a group of electrons, is controlled by a particular mathematical function called the wave function, according to quantum physics. This varies in space, and the size of the square of this function at a given location indicates the likelihood of finding a quantum object there.